1-
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A1- describe the pulp space morphology and its major components of all dentition.
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2-
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A2- describe the basic set of instruments appropriate for these procedures: coronal access preparation, tooth length determination and radicular preparation.
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3-
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A3- Explain the basis for standardization of hand and rotary operated instruments.
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4-
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A4- Describe the action, design and professional use of hand and rotary instruments used for shaping the root canal.
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5-
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A5- Describe objectives for cleaning and shaping of root canal
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6-
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A6- Describe techniques for standardized, flaring (step back and / or crown down) preparations, and determine the appropriate size of the master cone.
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7-
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A7- List ideal irrigants properties, types used, and techniques that provide maximal and safe irrigants effects.
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8-
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A8- Discuss the role of chelating and decalcifying agents.
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9-
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A9- Describe the purpose of obturation,, technical and clinical reasons of its failure.
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10-
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A10- List requirements, indications, mixing and placing techniques of available types of sealers.
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11-
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A11- Discuss the technical and radiographic criteria for evaluating the quality of obturation.
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